by Arlos » Thu Dec 28, 2006 7:32 pm
Corn is another example of a highly modified plant. Modern sweet corn is *VERY* different than the wild Maize that used to grow in the americas, or even the maize that was cultivated by the indians. Wheat is also another highly modified plant compared to the original stock plant, which was, if I remember right, called Einchorn.
Genetic modification with plants is very very easy, and doesn't even require much science; people have been doing it for hundreds and thousands of years. Remember, you can clone many plants by taking a cutting from the plant and getting a new plant to grow from that cutting. Basically, you create new strains of plants the same way that new strains of dogs were created: You find a parent that has some of the traits you want, breed it with another parent that has other traits you want, and see what offspring are produced. Hopefully, at least one of those offspring hits the genetic lottery and is closer to what you want to produce, in which case you keep it, and re-breed it with ones like it's parents, to get it even further along, etc. Those that don't come out like you want, you kill off. Hell, Mendel used such methods to prove genetic inheritance back in the 1820s with his peas.
That's how we went from wild dogs and wolves to the various dog breeds we see today, human-chosen selective breeding. Same way with most of the foods we eat as well. (Domestic Cows, for example, are VERY different than the stock they came from, a species called Aurochs, which went extinct during the middle ages). Bananas are just one other such example. The modern strain of Bananas wasn't even mass-grown until the mid-60s, and then only because a virulent root disease wiped out the world's supply of the previous type of banana that had been developed. Supposedly, the modern banana strain tastes way worse than the old strain, too. Notice that the bananas we eat today are basically seedless, and as such would be useless for reproducing the plant; that's an engineered trait, the same as with seedless Grapes.
Right now, a version of that same root disease has developed that kills the modern banana strain too, and has spread throughout much of the far east. So far it hasn't reached the Americas yet, but when it does, (and it's only a matter of time), either we give up bananas, or they have to come up with a new strain yet again. That's actually something companies like Dole, etc are working on hardcore, to make a new banana strain that resists the new root disease, yet still tastes good, has good texture, etc. So far, they don't have one.
-Arlos